Samples of blood (4.9 mL) were drawn from qualified volunteers using a Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany) closed vacuum system, with S-Monovette ® Needles (0.9 mm/38 mm) in S-Monovette ® tubes. The tube contained 25 μg/mL hirudin anticoagulant (Refludan ®, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany).

Don’t make the mistake of comparing a marquette to a cabernet,” Thaden said. The chemistry of the grape is different, the amount of tannins, different. “But that doesn’t mean it can’t be a damn good wine. It just will be a different wine.” plant per week. Refer to the irrigation section of this guide for more information on watering your vines as they mature. In our current study we performed multistep analysis of GSE on all elements of human haemostasis. We tested both the cellular and plasma components of the blood coagulation system. We demonstrated that GSE in concentrations of 15 µg/mL is able to prolong coagulation time of APTT and PT ( Figure 2), as well as inhibit blood platelet response to one of the most prothrombotic agonists, ADP ( Figure 1). White Raven turns out 12 different wines, four of which headline the selection as being entirely Montana made, from “grape to glass,” as manager Nieman says. The four wines, two reds, a rosé and a white, are made using three specific types of grapes grown in vineyards throughout Montana’s small banana belts like Thompson Falls and the Bitterroot Valley. Their nearest producer is Spotted Bear Vineyards off Finley Point on Flathead Lake. We carry three types of grape that are great for growing here in Great Falls. The Valiant grape that Mark mentions is a second generation hybrid based on the Beta grape, a cross between the Concord and the Riverbank grape and will flourish in our area.Today we have a guest post from Linda Coco, CSW. Linda tells use about five specialists—from plant researchers to extension agents to cold-climate grape experts—she dubs the “Divine Wine Super Heroes” of Montana’s growing wine industry. After you read her article, I am sure you will agree! French wine grapes ( Vitis vinifera) that are only hardy to -5⁰ F with American native grapes, most commonly Vitis aestivalis (the Summer grape); Vitis riparia (the Riverbank grape), and Vitis rupestris, (the Sand grape). Breeding programs continue to improve hybrid grapevines, with In 2004, Montana pastor Bob Thaden placed a phone call to a Minnesota man named Ray Winter. Thaden had heard that Winter was successfully growing cold-hardy grapes developed at the University of Minnesota, and wanted to find out if it was true. Winter assured Thaden that not only could these grapes grow in midwest winters, but they could likely be successful in Thaden’s home state of Montana, as well. Out in Miles City, Thaden put a few grape vines in the ground. They did well, so he planted a few more the next year.

PATRICIA McGLYNN, the Montana State University extension agent for Flathead County, is the GRAPE GROWER GURU. Instrumental in forming a grape grower advisory panel which evolved into the Montana Grape and Winery Association, she also wrote and was awarded two grants to establish the Cold Hardy Wine Grape Trials in 2011. Four plots were planted to test 10 wine grape and 2 table grape varieties. The research trial just concluded providing helpful data on the feasibility of establishing a viable grape industry in the state. Six of our wines are made with 100% Montana-grown grapes (five of the current six, sold out). As soon as we are able, we intend to increase the number of White Raven wines crafted with Montana grapes. In the meantime, we source whole cluster grapes from Washington, Oregon, and San Diego County, CA to make our other seventeen wines. But even as grapes become more feasible crops in Montana, winemakers like Thaden and the McGuires have legislative obstacles to overcome. As it’s written, the Montana Code Annotated presents certain hurdles to in-state winemakers. The bulk of the code was first written in the 1970s and 80s, before cold-hardy hybrid grapes were prominent on the commercial scene, and certainly before Montana had any kind of notable wine presence. What this means is that the code was first written primarily for the distribution and sale of out-of-state wine within Montana. And just because the in-state wine making industry has grown, doesn’t mean the legislation has caught up. This leaves Montana winemakers like Thaden and the McGuires to face the holes in the legal code — and to try to change them. Both Thaden and Brian McGuire have been active in campaigning to update wine laws in Montana. Many attempts like last year’s House Bill 688, which would have created a committee to study wine in the state, ultimately failed. Muscadine. In 2006, a gnarled old vine was discovered growing in a ditch producing beautiful thin-skinned green grapes. The variety wasn’t related to other known species and was named La-Sarachannah (pronounced La Sarah See Hannah). It is theorized to taste similar to Chardonnay. See the whole story here

The grapes that Roxann and Brian McGuire grow here are cold-hardy interspecies hybrids. Nearly all well-known wines — malbec, merlot, chardonnay, and more — are made from Vitis vinifera grapes. V. vinifera is a European grape species that consistently produces great wine but is not amenable to cold environments. In the U.S., you’ll find V. vinifera permeating California wine country, Oregon, and Washington. Muscadine is the most planted wine grape. Georgia wineries can be found surrounding the Chattahoochee National Forest. Wine Grower’s Association of Georgia They’re called marquette grapes, and they’re the “grandchild” of the pinot noir grape, bred with indigenous American grapes. In the finished wine, the taste of the berry is recognizable. It bears some of the deep jammy flavors of its pinot noir ancestor while also being pleasantly tart. Grapes like marquette represent a new chapter — or rather, a first chapter — for Montana’s wine-making industry.