Carpenter, Humphrey (1977). J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-04-928037-3. Stanton, Michael (2001). Hobbits, Elves, and Wizards: Exploring the Wonders and Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Palgrave Macmillan. p.18. ISBN 1-4039-6025-9. About The Hobbit (Graphic Novel)". Penguin Random House . Retrieved 13 April 2020. a destiny that waits in the dark caverns beneath the Misty Mountains, where a twisted creature known as Gollum jealously guards a precious magic ring.

In the Rankin/Bass animated versions of both The Hobbit and The Return of the King, Gollum was voiced by comedian Brother Theodore.From Book to Script" , The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Appendices (DVD). New Line Cinema. 2002. Vasilieva, Anna (31 March 2021). " "Хранители" и "Властелин Колец": кто исполнил роли в культовых экранизациях РФ и США"["Keepers" and "The Lord of the Rings": who played the roles in the cult film adaptations of the Russian Federation and the USA] (in Russian). 5 TV . Retrieved 6 April 2021. Tyler, J. E. A. (1977). The New Tolkien Companion. New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-380-46904-8.

Romano, Sal (23 March 2023). "The Lord of the Rings: Gollum launches May 25 for PS5, Xbox Series, PS4, Xbox One, and PC, later for Switch". Gematsu . Retrieved 23 March 2023.

In the Second Age of Middle-earth, the lords of Elves, Dwarves, and Men are given Rings of Power. Unbeknownst to them, the Dark Lord Sauron forges the One Ring in Mount Doom, instilling into it a great part of his power, to dominate the other Rings and conquer Middle-earth. A final alliance of Men and Elves battles Sauron's forces in Mordor. Isildur of Gondor severs Sauron's finger and the Ring with it, thereby vanquishing Sauron and returning him to spirit form. With Sauron's first defeat, the Third Age of Middle-earth begins. The Ring's influence corrupts Isildur, who takes it for himself and is later killed by Orcs. The Ring is lost in a river for 2,500 years until it is found by Gollum, who owns it for over four and a half centuries. The ring abandons Gollum and it is subsequently found by a hobbit named Bilbo Baggins, who is unaware of its history. a b Reynolds, Pat. "The Lord of the Rings: The Tale of a Text" (PDF). The Tolkien Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016 . Retrieved 24 October 2015. Sean Astin as Samwise Gamgee: Better known as Sam, a hobbit gardener and Frodo's best friend. Astin, who had recently become a father, bonded with the 18-year-old Wood in a protective manner, which mirrored Sam's relationship with Frodo. [7] before Astin was cast, James Corden read for the part. [25] The Fellowship of the Ring: Being the First Part of The Lord of the Rings (publication history) Tolkien, J. R. R. (15 February 2012). The Fellowship of the Ring: Being the First Part of the Lord of the Rings. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0547952017. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017 . Retrieved 16 September 2017.

The Episcopal priest Fleming Rutledge writes that at the Council of Elrond, Frodo angrily resists the notion that Gollum was a Hobbit like himself. She adds that Gandalf describes the tale of Gollum's enslavement to the Ring as "a sad story" rather than as Frodo's description of him, "loathsome". Gandalf says that Gollum "had no will left in the matter", and could not get rid of the Ring; instead, "the Ring itself .. decided things". [T 15] Rutledge comments that the sad story has happened to everybody, trapped, as Christians believe, in "Sin and Death", and states that [18] The Lord of the Rings is an epic [1] high fantasy novel [a] by the English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. Set in Middle-earth, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book The Hobbit, but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is one of the best-selling books ever written, with over 150 million copies sold. [2]a b "All Time Worldwide Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 1 October 2002.