Cipolla, Carlo M. (1993). Before the Industrial Revolution: European Society and Economy, 1000-1700 (3rded.). London, New York: Routledge. p.91. ISBN 0-415-09005-9.

Lewis, Thorpe, ed. (1969). Two Lives of Charlemagne (newed.). London: Penguin Classics. pp. 56–7. ISBN 0-14-044213-8. Medieval servants were responsible for a wide range of tasks, from cooking and cleaning to farming and manufacturing. Their labor was essential to the production and distribution of goods, and without their contributions, medieval society could not have functioned.” Jane Whittle, Professor of Economic and Social History, University of Exeter Saul, Nigel (1999). Richard II. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp.444–5. ISBN 0-300-07875-7. In addition, there are various accessories such as a saber with a matching belt and a pirate hook. In the shop we have other suitable things like eye patch, or a telescope.The Country House Kitchen: 1650-1900, Pamela Sambrook and Peter Brears,1996, ISBN 0-7509-1642-7, p. 85. In the Victorian Era, the highest ranking servant managed the staff of a large estate and was called the housekeeper. Below her was the Lady’s maid, who interacted mostly with the Lady of the house. Below this classification was an entire set of ranks for housemaids whose responsibilities related to maintaining the condition of various rooms in the house. The head of the housemaids reported to the housekeeper and managed the operations of subordinate housemaids, such as parlor maids, chamber maids and laundry maids. Nannies also reported to the housekeeper and were in charge of all servants responsible for childcare. Below all of these was an entire staff of lower-class servants who were dedicated to the preparation and serving of food, as well as the maintenance of kitchen areas.

In the Byzantine Empire, slaves were employed until the end of the Empire, as were eunuchs. [33] Little is known of the living arrangements of the Byzantines, as very few buildings remain. From historical and architectural evidence it is known that, even though castles were rare, the wealthy lived in palaces of varying magnitude, with chapels and gardens, and rich decorations of mosaics and frescoes. [34] Common households [ edit ] Rural [ edit ] Marie von Flotow (1817–1909), the lady's maid and influential favourite of the Russian Empress Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark). The World of Medieval Monasticism: Its History and Forms of Life” edited by Gert Melville and Frans van LiereHollister, C. Warren (2001). Medieval Europe: A Short History, 9th edition, Boston, London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-112109-9. Sophie Andrade is a recent graduate of the University of St Andrews with an MLitt in Medieval Studies. Her research focuses on medieval women, music, manuscripts, and castles. She lives in Nottingham, England. All upcoming public events are going ahead as planned and you can find more information on our events blog

According to the accounts of Henry, son of Edward I, Henry’s head clerk’s daily wage was 4 ½ pence, while his robes were valued at 30 shillings and 8 pence – a significant expense indeed. The domestic officials who were of a lower rank than the clerks in Henry’s accounts, such as the cook and tailor, were paid 2 pence per day and their robes cost 9 shillings. It is evident that while the employees earned similar wages, the values of their robes varied greatly. It was the robes in this instance that demonstrated their difference in rank, rather than the money that they earned. Jeanne Louise Henriette Campan (1752–1822), Première femme de Chambre to the Queen of France, Marie Antoinette.The scullery maid provided hot water for the scullery, kitchen tasks, and household. In addition to her other tasks, the scullery maid had to keep the scullery clean by clearing away meat and vegetable garbage, scrubbing work tables, and swilling the floors. The water was carried through a drain outside the house. [6] Scullery maids would rarely have handled fine china, stemware, crystal or plate silver; these are cleaned by housemaids and footmen. Before the advent of central heating systems, scullery maids were required to light the fires on the kitchen stove and supply hot water for tea and washing. She performed these tasks in the morning before the cook came down to the kitchens. [7] Among other members, the job of a chamberlain was to manage the castle finances, while the seneschal looked after the administration of the estate and special events. Medieval Castle Staff Duties If she happened to finish her chores early, she could help out the cooks or laundresses. If the mattress itself needed cleaning, which it often did, because of lice, fleas and other nasty bedbugs, the maids would have to un-stuff it, have the mattress cleaned and then re-stuff it.

In England, the semi-royal household of Edward of Carnarvon, later Edward II when Prince of Wales, is the earliest for which detailed knowledge can be obtained from sources. [26] Itineration [ edit ] The importance of servants’ dress is clear when it comes to portraying the status of not only the servant, but the lady of the household too. Clothing acted as a visual representation of their servants’ rank within their home, and their subordination, especially when compared to the clothing worn by the ladies themselves. The old adage, “ vestim verus facit” – or, the clothes make the man– was evidently truer in thirteenth-century noble society than it is today.Beatriz - A Spanish name that is derived from the Latin name Beatrix, which means "happy." It is also considered an alternative spelling for "Beatrice." The basis of the outfit is our medieval dress “Ana”, but the version for children in green. Since Christin is relatively small, the child size 164 fits her perfectly. However, anyone who is a little taller can use the adult dress for this outfit. The children’s and adult dresses are available in different colours, so you can decide your own combination. But make no mistake, ladies like Eleanor and Isabella were not to be upstaged. The ladies’ gifts of modest clothing to their servants served to further distinguish themselves as highest-ranking lady in the household.