Master Series Rubber Coated Stainless Steel Jennings Gag

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Notes: One mouth gag; Consists of two sculpted, horizontal bars, hinged together at each end, and connected on the right side to a mechanism for adjusting the space between the bars; The mechanism consists of two handles that are hinged so as to stand perpendicular to the bars; These handles hold a ratchet between them; The end of each handle is scored by hatching on its exterior side (for improved grip); In the short physical description the gag is measured in the fully open position; When the gag is fully closed, the height is 8.5 centimeters; Both bars, and both handles, are marked on the interior with the number: “25”; The lower handle is also marked with the logo, consisting of a circle enclosing the letter “J” superimposed on the letter “S”. a Inserting the gag with placing the hole of the pad to the cusp of the canine, b fixation of the pad to the interproximal area with a stop for additional hold One was introduced in 1914 by St. Louis physician John Ellis Jennings (1863-1935). Jennings' gag is a modification of the Whitehead gag, which had been introduced some fifty years earlier. Jennings removed the built-in tongue depressor of Whitehead's gag, and simplified the mechanism for adjusting it. The Whitehead gag has two spring-loaded ratchets. The Jennings gag has a single ratchet that can be operated by the finger and thumb of one hand. Squeezing the handles together opens the gag. To close it, the ratchet is depressed and the handles pushed apart. Both the Whitehead and Jennings gags are still being made today. Exhibit History Notes: Leow A-M, Lun-Jou L. Palatoplasty: evolution and controversies. Chang Gung Med J. 2008;31(4):335-345.

In german medieval times mouth gags or props were called “Kiefer- or Mundsperre” and were instruments used in torture practice. Besides the fact, that the Christian inquisition is linked with barbarous torture, it was not used principally in every cases. In the beginning of 1220 AD, torture was reintroduced though recommended in Roman law and considered as a legitimately lawful procedure. In torture, especially mouth gags were used to keep the suspects mouth open, leading to dysphagia and jaw pain, inability to speak and swallowing saliva. Additionally, liquids could be instilled causing asphyxia [ 1]. Notes: Powers & Anderson. Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and of Allied Lines. Richmond, Virginia: Powers & Anderson, Inc., 1917:355. Whitehead gag: invented in 1877 by Walter Whitehead (1840-1913), a surgeon in Manchester, England, [1] consists of two hinged metal frames that wrap around the front of the patient's head and which have sections bent to fit between the front teeth. When spread apart, the frames separate the jaws, holding the mouth open. The desired degree of separation is set and maintained by a ratchet mechanism on each side of the frame.

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Anesthesiologists are responsible for maintaining the patient's respiration and other vital functions during surgery. Mouth gags are sometimes used to hold the patient's mouth open for dentistry, oral surgery and anesthesia. During clinical and surgical practice, the dislocation and sliding were less frequent observed in contrast to the original Denhart mouth gag. The Denhart–Hoefert mouth gag has been used in a large number of patients and has not encountered any trauma to the mandible or the teeth so far. After introduction in July 2008, the Denhart–Hoefert mouth gag was used in orthognathic surgery in 250 cases. It is regularly used in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis or bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis risk patient surgery in 150 cases, because of its good controlled force application to the gingiva in edentulous jaw. Additionally, it has been used minimally in another 100 cases of other surgical operations.

The Jennings gag is a modification of the gag introduced in the 1860s by William R. Whitehead, M.D. (1831-1902). Jennings removed the built-in tongue depressor of the Whitehead gag, and simplified the mechanism for opening and closing it. The Whitehead gag has two spring-loaded ratchets. The Jennings gag uses a single ratchet, located on the operator’s right, that can be manipulated by the finger and thumb of one hand. Squeezing the handles together opens the gag. To close it, the ratchet is depressed and the handles pushed apart. Both the Whitehead and Jennings gags are still being made today. Anesthesiologists are responsible for maintaining the patient's respiration and other vital functions during surgery. Mouth gags are sometimes used to hold the patient's mouth open for dentistry, oral surgery and anesthesia. Surgical procedures for the repair of cleft palate began in the 18th Century. The first successful cleft palate surgery in the United States was performed in 1820 by John Collins Warren (1778-1856). Since the mid-19th Century, many mouth gags have been designed specifically for these surgeries. One was introduced in 1914 by St. Louis physician John Ellis Jennings (1863-1935). St. Louis physician John Ellis Jennings (1863-1935) introduced a new tonsillectome (an instrument for removing tonsils) in 1913; in that article he does not mention the use of any mouth gag. The following year he published another article about the use of the instrument, which included an illustration of “the Jennings mouth gag”.Notes: Austrian Difficult Airway/Intubation Registry, Virtual Museum of Equipment for Airway Management. http://www.adair.at/eng/museum/equipment/mouthgags/jenningsobject01.htm Accessed June 13, 2017.