Conde, D. A., F. Colchero, M. Gusset, P. Pearce-Kelly, O. Byers, N. Flesness, R. K. Browne, and O. R. Jones. “Zoos through the Lens of the IUCN Red List: A Global Metapopulation Approach to Support Conservation Breeding Programs.” PLoS ONE 8, no. 12 (2013): 1–9. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080311. Among the countless things that Covid-19 has shone a spotlight on is the complex, often harmful, relationship that humans have with nature. Later in the foraging trip, when seals had plumped up to 35% body fat, they rested just before sunrise. Only 30% of their rest dives occurred during the high-risk daytime. Gradual shifts in body condition and behavior over the 220-day foraging trip accumulated to an impressive six–hour shift in average rest time by the end of the trip. Donahue, J., and E. Trump. The Politics of Zoos: Exotic Animals and Their Protectors. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2006. Murphree, R., J. V. Warkentin, J. R. Dunn, W. Schaffner, and T. F. Jones. “Elephant-to-Human Transmission of Tuberculosis, 2009.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 17 (2011): 366–71. doi: 10.3201/eid1703101668.

BEC representatives were not available to answer Al Jazeera’s questions about the elephants, and its telephone numbers were disconnected. The chief elephant handler, Ketut, is a former BEC man who worked for the company for 13 years – the last 12 months with little to no pay. Tikiri reportedly collapsed in August after being forced to walk many kilometers during nightly parades for the Buddhist festival Esala Perahera while wearing an elaborate costume. Media reports indicated that she was just one of some 60 elephants taking part in the celebrations.* Regan, T. “Are Zoos Morally Defensible?” In Ethics on the Ark, edited by B. G. Norton, M. Hutchins, E. E. Stevens, and T. L. Maple, 38–51. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. Marino, L., S. O. Lilienfeld, R. Malamud, N. Nobis, and R. Broglio. “Do Zoos and Aquariums Promote Attitude Change in Visitors? A Critical Evaluation of the American Zoo and Aquarium Study.” Society and Animals 18 (2010): 126–38.

Risk vs. reward

Bates, L. A., J. H. Poole, and R. W. Byrne. “Elephant Cognition.” Current Biology 18, no. 13 (2008): R545. The elephants are often kept chained for prolonged periods of time when not performing hideous shows or used for rides, living in fear of being stabbed with bullhooks and denied what is natural and important to them.” A keeper leads his elephant. The Sumatran elephant was listed as critically endangered in 2012 [Supplied]

Yes, she died this afternoon,” her keeper was quoted as saying on Tuesday. “A vet from the hospital is coming tomorrow to investigate and do a postmortem.” (Metro) Altman, J. D. “Animal Activity and Visitor Learning at the Zoo.” Anthrozoos 11, no. 1 (1998): 12–21. They continuously dive, for long periods of time - 20 minutes on average and about 100 minutes at maximum - and deep - 500 meters (1,640 feet) on average and about 1,500 meters (4,920 feet) at maximum - with only a few minutes breathing at the surface," Adachi said. Tourist elephants are often overworked and forced to work in the heat of the day with inadequate food, water or rest. They may not show overt signs of distress, and may be obediently plodding along, but constant, forced proximity to humans without choice of retreat is extremely stressful for elephants,” BAWA said. “They are deprived of the opportunity to perform natural behaviours, as they are either confined, tethered or under the bullhook. This creates anxiety and frustration.”Present health condition:Lakshmi is suffering from issues like chronic abscesses, overgrown toenails, arthritis, bent knees and abnormally deviated limbs, which are telltale signs of abject malnourishment and negligent healthcare. Besides, she also has an extremely bulged and protruding spine , and experiencing debility caused by long-term deprivation of food and water. Lee, P. C., and C. J. Moss. “Calf Development and Maternal Rearing Strategies.” In The Amboseli Elephants: A Long-Term Perspective on a Long-Lived Mammal, edited by C. J. Moss, H. Croze, and P. C. Lee, 224–37. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. In 1952, the Japanese Government made one last attempt at getting any remaining Japanese soldiers to come home – they dropped leaflets drawn by family members of remaining soldiers – but Onoda still didn’t believe that the war was over and would go on to spend more than half of his life in the jungles of Lubang.